ARTICAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

Electrolyte / Mineral

Brand names: Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine, ARTICAINE

Pregnancy: Category CSubmucosal

Mechanism of Action

12.1 Mechanism of Action Articaine HCl is an amide local anesthetic. Local anesthetics block the generation and conduction of nerve impulses, presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of the affected nerve fibers. Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor added to articaine HCl to slow absorption into the general circulation and thus prolong maintenance of an active tissue concentration.

Indications

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Articaine HCl and Epinephrine is indicated for local

infiltrative

or conductive anesthesia in both simple and complex dental procedures in adults and pediatric patients 4 years of age or older. Articaine HCl and Epinephrine is a combination of articaine HCl

an amide local anesthetic

and epinephrine

a vasoconstrictor

FDA Warnings

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Accidental Intravascular Injection: May be associated with convulsions followed by coma and respiratory arrest
1, as well as that related to higher systemic concentrations of local anesthetics or epinephrine [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5
However, toxic blood concentrations of Articaine HCl and Epinephrine can depress cardiac conduction and excitability, which may lead to atrioventricular block, ventricular arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest, possibly resulting in fatalities
Restlessness, anxiety, tinnitus, dizziness, blurred vision, tremors, depression, or drowsiness may be early warning signs of central nervous system toxicity

Known Side Effects

7 documented side effects by frequency

Drug Not Working

>10%

Tingling/Numbness

0.1-1%

Dizziness

0.1-1%

Injection Site Pain

0.1-1%

Shortness of Breath

0.1-1%

General Unwellness

0.1-1%

Nausea

0.1-1%

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Formulations

Dosage Forms

Tablet

Route

Submucosal