BUPIVACAINE

Other

Brand names: Bupivacaine

Infiltration

Mechanism of Action

12.1 Mechanism of Action Local anesthetics block the generation and the conduction of nerve impulses presumably by increasing the threshold for electrical excitation in the nerve, by slowing the propagation of the nerve impulse, and by reducing the rate of rise of the action potential. In general, the progression of anesthesia is related to the diameter, myelination, and conduction velocity of affected nerve fibers. Clinically, the order of loss of nerve function is as follows: (1) pain, (2) temperature, (3) touch, (4) proprioception, and (5) skeletal muscle tone.

Indications

an amide local anesthetic

FDA Warnings

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Monitor cardiovascular status, neurological status, and vital signs during and after injection of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension ( 5
Patients with severe hepatic disease, because of their inability to metabolize local anesthetics normally, are at a greater risk of developing toxic plasma concentrations ( 5
1 Warnings and Precautions for Bupivacaine-Containing Products The safety and effectiveness of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension, other bupivacaine products, and other amide-containing products depend on proper dosage, correct technique, adequate precautions, and readiness for emergencies
As there is a potential risk of severe life-threatening adverse reactions associated with the administration of bupivacaine, any bupivacaine-containing product should be administered in a setting where trained personnel and equipment are available to promptly treat patients who show evidence of neurological or cardiac toxicity [ see Overdosage ( 10 ) ]

Known Side Effects

7 documented side effects by frequency

Drug Not Working

>10%

Low Blood Pressure

1-10%

Nausea

1-10%

Vomiting

0.1-1%

Shortness of Breath

0.1-1%

Dizziness

0.1-1%

Headache

0.1-1%

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Formulations

Dosage Forms

Tablet

Route

Infiltration